Plant-Extract-Mediated SnO₂ Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications

Abstract

Tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) have attracted great attention in various fields such as environmental remediation, sensing, catalysis, and lithium ion batteries. This led to an intense development of different synthetic pathways for production of SnO2 NPs. At present, production of SnO2 NPs depends largely on methods that involve toxic chemicals and harsh reaction conditions, which have been identified as a major drawback and potential threats to human health and the environment. Alternatively, green synthesis has gained popularity, as it is eco-friendly and cost-effective and generates minimal waste. This paper focuses on green biosynthesis of SnO2 NPs using various plants and their different plant parts, including an evaluation of their potential applications. This work also emphasizes the effects of plant extracts and solvents on the size, morphology, and other properties of the synthesized SnO2 NPs.